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Toe temperatures during arctic training.

S Travis1, T Mugridge, F S Golden

  • 1St. Thomas' Hospital, London, Great Britain.

Military Medicine
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
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Arctic explorers face significant risk of toe cold injury. Toe temperatures dropped rapidly in extreme cold, reaching below 5°C for extended periods, highlighting the need for protective measures against frostbite.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Extreme Cold Exposure Research

Background:

  • Arctic exploration and military operations expose individuals to extreme cold.
  • Understanding the physiological response of extremities, specifically toes, to prolonged cold is crucial for preventing cold injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor toe surface temperature in subjects exposed to Arctic field conditions.
  • To estimate the time required for toe temperature to decrease to critical levels.
  • To assess the risk of cold injury during prolonged cold exposure in the Arctic.

Main Methods:

  • Field monitoring of toe surface temperature in 10 subjects in Arctic Norway.
  • Recording of ambient air temperatures, with a minimum of -27°C.
  • Calculation of the time for toe temperature to cool from 25°C to 5°C at -21°C ambient temperature.

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Main Results:

  • The lowest recorded toe skin temperature was 1.9°C.
  • At -21°C ambient temperature, mean time for toe temperature to cool from 25°C to 5°C was 109 minutes (SD, 10.2).
  • One subject had toe temperatures below 5°C for 2.9 hours within a 27-hour period.
  • No subjects showed clinical signs of cold injury, despite significant temperature drops.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged exposure to Arctic temperatures can lead to critical toe cooling.
  • The absence of clinical cold injury signs does not negate the potential risk of sub-clinical damage or cold sensitization.
  • Further research is needed to understand long-term effects and optimal protective strategies for extremities in extreme cold environments.