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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Thyrotoxic vomiting: a case report and possible mechanisms.

Soyeon Shim1, Han Seung Ryu, Hyo Jung Oh

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Thyrotoxicosis, a thyroid disorder, can cause unexplained vomiting and abdominal pain in adolescents. Early diagnosis and treatment with antithyroid drugs significantly improve these gastrointestinal symptoms.

Keywords:
AdolescentThyrotoxicosisVomiting

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can be presenting complaints in endocrine disorders.
  • Thyrotoxicosis is an uncommon but significant cause of unexplained, recurrent vomiting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of thyrotoxicosis presenting with severe GI symptoms in an adolescent.
  • To highlight the importance of considering thyrotoxicosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained vomiting.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 13-year-old female with persistent vomiting and epigastric pain.
  • Diagnostic workup included esophagogastroduodenoscopy and laboratory tests for thyroid function and antibodies.
  • Treatment involved antithyroid drugs.

Main Results:

  • Initial GI investigations revealed acute gastritis and duodenogastric reflux without symptom resolution.
  • Laboratory tests confirmed Graves' disease with suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone and elevated thyroid hormones.
  • Antithyroid drug treatment led to remarkable improvement in vomiting and epigastric pain.

Conclusions:

  • Thyrotoxicosis should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with unexplained and recurrent vomiting.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis can effectively resolve associated GI symptoms.