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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

'PROFOX'--the post HRT nightmare.

J Studd1

  • 1London PMS and Menopause Centre, London, UK.

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
|November 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonates may increase esophageal cancer risk in women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is underutilized for postmenopausal symptoms, despite safety in younger women. Estrogen therapy should be reconsidered.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates are increasingly used for osteoporosis, but recent reports link them to esophageal cancer.
  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is underutilized for managing menopausal symptoms in women under 60.
  • Estrogen therapy is often overlooked by specialists for conditions like depression and bone density loss in younger postmenopausal women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To question the current limited role of HRT in younger postmenopausal women.
  • To highlight the risks associated with bisphosphonate use.
  • To advocate for a broader consideration of estrogen therapy in specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent reports on bisphosphonate-associated esophageal cancer.
  • Analysis of current treatment paradigms for menopausal symptoms and bone density.
  • Critique of the interpretation of the Women's Health Initiative study findings.

Main Results:

  • A two-fold increase in esophageal cancer reported in women using oral bisphosphonates.
  • Serious complications from HRT were not observed in women initiating therapy before age 60.
  • Specialists' objections to estrogen therapy often predate the Women's Health Initiative study and stem from unfamiliarity.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen therapy should be reconsidered as a primary treatment for younger postmenopausal women with various symptoms.
  • Bisphosphonates pose significant risks and should not be the first-line therapy for this demographic.
  • Current treatment guidelines may be overly cautious regarding HRT, potentially leading to suboptimal patient care.