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Related Concept Videos

Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Nurses' Legal Responsibilities I01:27

Nurses' Legal Responsibilities I

In healthcare, informed consent is a crucial process that involves thoroughly communicating medical treatment options to patients, including benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternatives. This process enables patients to make well-informed decisions about their care, ensuring they understand the implications of their choices before consenting to or refusing treatment.
The legal responsibilities of a nurse regarding informed consent include the following:

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The inalienable right to withdraw from research.

Terrance McConnell1

  • 1University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA.

The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics
|November 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The right for human subjects to withdraw from research is inalienable and cannot be waived, even in cases where benefits are lost or third parties may be harmed. This ensures ethical research practices and protects participant autonomy.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Research Ethics
  • Human Subject Research

Background:

  • Most research ethics codes and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) uphold the subject's right to withdraw from research at any time.
  • This right is generally considered inalienable, meaning participants cannot consent to surrender it.
  • Recent debates question this inalienability, proposing exceptions for specific scenarios involving significant benefits or harm to third parties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To defend the inalienability of the right to withdraw from research.
  • To address arguments suggesting the right to withdraw can be waived under certain circumstances.
  • To provide a robust ethical framework for human subject research participation.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation and ethical analysis.

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  • Examination of case studies where waiver of the right to withdraw has been proposed.
  • Development of counterarguments against the alienability of the right to withdraw.

    • Main Results:

    • Securing research benefits and avoiding harm to third parties can be achieved without waiving the right to withdraw.
    • Permitting waiver does not guarantee the intended beneficial outcomes or harm avoidance.
    • Positive ethical justifications support the inalienability of the right to withdraw.

    Conclusions:

    • The right of human subjects to withdraw from research must remain inalienable.
    • Ethical research practices require upholding participant autonomy without exception.
    • Alternative strategies exist to manage research benefits and potential harms without compromising participant rights.