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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

Trophoblast stem cells.

R Michael Roberts1, Susan J Fisher

  • 1Division of Animal Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. robertsrm@missouri.edu

Biology of Reproduction
|November 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trophoblast stem cells (TSC) are crucial for placental development. Research explores their derivation and niche, particularly in non-human primates, to understand human placental formation and early embryonic fate decisions.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos
08:50

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

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Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells
08:57

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Published on: July 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Reproductive biology

Background:

  • Trophoblast stem cells (TSC) are precursors to placental cells.
  • In mice, TSC are derived from trophectoderm (TE) or extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE).
  • The TSC niche in mice is in the ExE, dependent on epiblast growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the TSC niche and derivation across species.
  • To understand the transition from pluripotent cells to trophoblast fate.
  • To explore the potential for isolating human TSC.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of TSC from mouse blastocyst outgrowths.
  • Culture of TSC using feeder cells and specific media supplements (FGF4, heparin, FBS).
  • Analysis of gene networks and transcription factors regulating pluripotency and trophoblast fate.

Main Results:

  • Mouse TSC self-renewal is supported by feeder cells and specific media components.
  • Repression of pluripotency networks and activation of trophoblast pathways are key for TSC derivation.
  • Disrupting embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency can lead to a trophoblast (TR) state.

Conclusions:

  • The ESC to TSC transition is unidirectional and reveals early fate decisions.
  • TSC have not yet been derived from domestic species.
  • Recent rhesus monkey TSC derivation suggests human TSC isolation may be possible, validating animal models.