[Pathological findings in the scrotum and testis and initial diagnostic management]

This is a summary of typical clinical pathology of the scrotum and testis in childhood. Starting with the most common clinical pictures we describe their obvious appearance as the red, the blue, the painless distended, the empty and maldeveloped scrotum. Most important for differential diagnosis seem to be the history and clinical examination, whereas colour duplex sonography can help you with decision-making and interpretation of initial and follow-up findings. Associated anomalies should be screened and the parents should be informed about the relevance and required procedure.