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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Diseases affecting bone quality: beyond osteoporosis.

Aasis Unnanuntana1, Brian J Rebolledo, M Michael Khair

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. uaasis@yahoo.com

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|November 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review identifies conditions beyond osteoporosis that impair bone quality, affecting mineral balance, bone turnover, and collagen structure, leading to fragility fractures. Understanding these factors is vital for bone health.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and material science
  • Metabolic and genetic disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bone strength depends on quantity, quality, and turnover, with bone quality being less understood than bone mineral density.
  • Conditions affecting mineral homeostasis, bone remodeling, collagen, and medications can compromise bone quality.
  • Fragility fractures are linked to reduced bone quality, necessitating a broader understanding beyond osteoporosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify diseases and conditions that negatively impact bone quality, distinct from osteoporosis.
  • To analyze the mechanisms by which these conditions influence bone quality and strength.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed using keywords 'causes', 'secondary osteoporosis', and 'fragility fracture'.
  • Identification and subsequent focused review of 20 distinct disorders/conditions affecting bone quality.

Main Results:

  • Numerous conditions disrupt bone metabolism, affecting mineral homeostasis, mineralization, and bone turnover, thereby reducing bone strength.
  • Imbalances in bone formation and resorption lead to microdamage accumulation and compromised structural integrity.
  • Defects in Type I collagen and certain medications were identified as significant contributors to reduced bone material properties and increased fracture risk.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing diverse conditions affecting bone quality is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders is essential for maintaining overall bone health and preventing fractures.