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Related Concept Videos

Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay
10:09

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Published on: December 14, 2016

["Oseltamivir-induced delirium"].

Anna Tina Kruker1, Martin Krause

  • 1Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Postfach, Münsterlingen.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|November 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a patient hospitalized with H1N1 pneumonia who developed delirium. Oseltamivir treatment may have caused neuropsychiatric side effects, warranting further investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic presented significant public health challenges.
  • Antiviral medications like Oseltamivir are crucial for managing influenza infections.
  • Understanding drug-induced neuropsychiatric effects is vital for patient safety.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old male with multiple comorbidities was hospitalized with severe H1N1 pneumonia symptoms.
  • Despite negative PCR results, Oseltamivir treatment led to clinical improvement but was followed by severe delirium.
  • The patient exhibited psychotic and paranoid symptoms that persisted post-discharge.

Findings:

  • The patient's clinical presentation suggested H1N1 pneumonia, treated empirically with Oseltamivir.

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  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including delirium, emerged during or after Oseltamivir treatment.
  • A causal link between Oseltamivir and the observed neuropsychiatric effects is proposed.
  • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for Oseltamivir to induce neuropsychiatric side effects.
    • Further research is needed to specifically investigate and quantify these adverse events.
    • Clinicians should be vigilant for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients treated with Oseltamivir.