Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Few-mode fiber based Raman distributed temperature sensing.

Optics express·2017

Same author

Measuring Complexity and Predictability of Time Series with Flexible Multiscale Entropy for Sensor Networks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2017

Same author

Tripodal S-Ligand Complexes of Copper(I) as Catalysts for Alkene Aziridination, Sulfide Sulfimidation, and C-H Amination.

Inorganic chemistry·2017

Same author

5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy and its strain-dependent combined effect with antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.

PloS one·2017

Same author

Optimized Multiresidue Analysis of Organic Contaminants of Priority Concern in a Daily Consumed Fish (Grass Carp).

Journal of analytical methods in chemistry·2017

Same author

Deubiquitinating enzyme USP20 is a positive regulator of Claspin and suppresses the malignant characteristics of gastric cancer cells.

International journal of oncology·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

Extra-articular patellar dislocation with vertical axis rotation.

Chen Yang¹, Yubao Gong, Xiaoyu Wen

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Str 71, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.

|November 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extra-articular patellar dislocation is a rare injury. This case report details a successful reduction using local anesthesia, challenging previous assumptions about required treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomechanics
Traumatology

Background:

Extra-articular vertical patellar dislocation is an exceptionally rare injury.
This specific type of dislocation involves the patella crossing the lateral femoral trochlear surface and rotating 90° longitudinally.
Previous literature suggests that reduction typically necessitates general anesthesia and open surgical intervention.

Observation:

A case of a 19-year-old male patient presenting with extra-articular patellar dislocation was documented.
The dislocation involved the patella wedging against the lateral femoral condyle.
The proposed mechanism for this dislocation is the 'fulcrum mechanism'.

Findings:

A successful closed reduction of the extra-articular patellar dislocation was achieved.
The reduction was performed effectively using manipulation under local anesthesia.
This contrasts with the previously reported need for open procedures and general anesthesia.

Implications:

This case suggests that closed reduction under local anesthesia may be a viable treatment option for extra-articular patellar dislocations.
The findings challenge the established treatment paradigm for this rare injury.
Further research into the 'fulcrum mechanism' could refine understanding and management of patellar dislocations.