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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus negligible.
The energy...
Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
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A magnetized jet from a massive protostar.

Carlos Carrasco-González1, Luis F Rodríguez, Guillem Anglada

  • 1Instituto Astrofísica Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Camino Bajo de Huétor 50, E-18008 Granada, Spain. charly@iaa.es

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found polarized synchrotron emission in young stellar object jets, similar to active galactic nuclei jets. This suggests a common origin for all astrophysical jets, providing new insights into jet formation and magnetic fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Synchrotron emission is a known phenomenon in jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and microquasars.
  • The presence of synchrotron emission in jets from young stellar objects (YSOs) has not been previously confirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence for polarized synchrotron emission in a YSO jet.
  • To investigate the magnetic field properties and configuration within YSO jets.
  • To compare YSO jet characteristics with those of AGN jets.

Main Methods:

  • Observational astronomy utilizing polarization measurements.
  • Analysis of synchrotron emission properties.
  • Magnetic field strength and orientation determination.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of polarized synchrotron emission detected in a YSO jet.
  • An apparent magnetic field strength of approximately 0.2 milligauss, aligned with the jet axis.
  • Increasing polarization degree towards the jet edges, consistent with a helical magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide the first proof of synchrotron emission in YSO jets.
  • The observed characteristics resemble those of AGN jets, suggesting a unified model for astrophysical jets.
  • This implies a common physical mechanism underlying the formation and evolution of all astrophysical jets.