Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

TSitologiia i genetika·2018

Same author

[Primary meningioma of the optical nerve sheet in infancy as initial presentation of neurofibromatosis type 2].

Der Pathologe·2018

Same author

[Update of the S2k guidelines : Surgical treatment of benign thyroid diseases].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2018

Same author

Methylation of L1RE1, RARB, and RASSF1 function as possible biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

PloS one·2018

Same author

Proposal for an extended pTNM classification of thyroid carcinoma : Commentary on deficits of the 8th edition of the TNM classification.

Der Pathologe·2018

Same author

[Proposal for an extended pTNM classification of thyroid carcinoma : Commentary on deficits of the 8th edition of the TNM classification (German version)].

Der Pathologe·2018

Same journal

[Connective (tissue) pathology: What brings us together!]

Der Pathologe·2022

Same journal

[Giant cell-containing tumors of bone and differential diagnoses].

Der Pathologe·2022

Same journal

[Automation and application of robotics in the pathology laboratory].

Der Pathologe·2022

Same journal

[Practical diagnostic aspects of uterine leiomyosarcoma in the context of the 2020 WHO classification].

Der Pathologe·2022

Same journal

[Artificial intelligence: a solution for the lack of pathologists?]

Der Pathologe·2022

Same journal

[Predictive immunocytochemistry in non-small cell lung carcinoma].

Der Pathologe·2022

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

[When is thyroid fine-needle biopsy most effective?].

K W Schmid¹, C Reiners

¹Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland. kw.schmid@uk-essen.de

|November 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing thyroid nodule evaluation recommends fine-needle biopsy (FNB) for nodules >1 cm. However, in iodine-deficient Germany, FNB should be limited to cold nodules to avoid unnecessary procedures without improving cancer detection.

More Related Videos

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Thyroid nodules are prevalent, affecting ~25% of adults in iodine-deficient regions like Germany.
European and American guidelines recommend fine-needle biopsy (FNB) for thyroid nodules >1 cm to detect occult thyroid cancer.
Current guidelines may lead to increased procedures without proportional benefits in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of current European/American guidelines for thyroid nodule evaluation in iodine-deficient areas.
To determine if the recommended FNB threshold for all nodules >1 cm is appropriate for Germany.
To propose an optimized strategy for FNB in German thyroid nodule management.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of thyroid nodule characteristics and biopsy outcomes.
Comparative analysis of cancer detection rates based on different FNB criteria.
Epidemiological data on thyroid nodule prevalence in iodine-deficient populations.

Main Results:

Applying the >1 cm FNB rule broadly in Germany would significantly increase FNB and surgical procedures.
This increase in procedures is unlikely to substantially improve the early detection rate of clinically significant thyroid carcinoma.
A high prevalence of nodules exists in Germany, necessitating a tailored approach.

Conclusions:

The universal recommendation for FNB in thyroid nodules >1 cm is not optimal for iodine-deficient regions like Germany.
Restricting FNB to hypofunctioning ("cold") nodules >1 cm is a more appropriate strategy for Germany.
This targeted approach aims to reduce unnecessary interventions while maintaining effective cancer detection.