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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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When one is better than two: RNA with dual functions.

Damien Ulveling1, Claire Francastel, Florent Hubé

  • 1Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR7216, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France.

Biochimie
|November 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The central dogma is evolving: RNA molecules can now be recognized for dual roles, acting as both coding and functional RNA. This bifunctional nature challenges traditional classifications and reveals new layers of genetic regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The central dogma traditionally viewed genetic information flow from DNA to RNA to protein.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were considered functional but not protein-coding.
  • Recent discoveries challenge these strict categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of bifunctional RNA molecules.
  • To highlight RNA molecules with both coding and functional roles.
  • To discuss implications for genome expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on bifunctional RNA.
  • Characterization of examples from bacteria to mammals.
  • Discussion of dual functions in pathological conditions and pseudogenes.

Main Results:

  • Several RNA molecules exhibit dual coding and functional capacities.
  • Some non-coding RNAs possess protein-coding potential.
  • Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can also function as regulatory RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The categorization of RNA molecules is complex and not always straightforward.
  • Bifunctional RNAs represent a significant layer of biological regulation.
  • Understanding dual RNA functions is crucial for comprehending gene expression and disease.