Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026
07:37
Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
Published on: July 20, 2015
Limb, respiratory, and masticatory muscle compartmentalization: developmental and hormonal considerations
1Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, JHMHSC, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Progress in Brain Research
|November 30, 2010
Summary
Neuromuscular compartments, distinct muscle subvolumes, are pre-patterned and refined during maturation. Understanding their selective control is crucial for locomotion, respiration, and mastication.
Area of Science:
- Muscle physiology
- Neuroscience
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Neuromuscular compartments are muscle subvolumes with unique biomechanical actions and activation patterns.
- Evidence for compartmentalization includes segmental reflexes, varying motor unit types, and central motoneuron partitioning.
- These compartments are fundamental to motor control in essential functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare and contrast neuromuscular compartments in muscles of locomotion, respiration, and mastication.
- To review developmental features of neuromuscular compartment formation and refinement.
- To examine androgen modulation of neuromuscular compartment maturation and its impact on muscle fiber types.
Main Methods:
- Review of current knowledge on neuromuscular compartments in key motor systems.
- Analysis of developmental processes and innervation patterns.
- Examination of androgen effects on muscle maturation and myosin heavy chain fiber types.
Main Results:
- Neuromuscular compartments exhibit unique biomechanical actions and are innervated by distinct motoneuron pools.
- Compartment formation and refinement occur during development, influenced by factors like androgens.
- Testosterone impacts specific myosin heavy chain fiber types during maturation.
Conclusions:
- Neuromuscular compartments are pre-patterned units refined during maturation.
- Selective control of these compartments is essential for complex motor tasks.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise control mechanisms during locomotion, respiration, and mastication.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles
The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
01:07Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
01:18Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
01:23Muscles that Move the Leg
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
01:31Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract
The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...