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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
Published on: October 15, 2013
B cell responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination: pathways to preventing infection
Barton F Haynes1, M Anthony Moody, Hua-Xin Liao
1Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ayne002@mc.duke.edu
Abstract:
The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies that can be broadly protective are made only in a minority of subjects and take years to develop--too late to affect the course of disease. New studies of the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection, new techniques to probe the human B cell repertoire, the modest degree of efficacy in a vaccine trial and new studies of human monoclonal antibodies that represent the types of immune responses an HIV-1 vaccine should induce are collectively illuminating paths that a successful HIV-1 vaccine might take.
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