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Peripheral arterial ischemic events in cancer patients
Saurabh Sanon1, Daniel J Lenihan, Elie Mouhayar
1Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
Thromboembolic complications are the second leading cause of death in cancer patients. In contrast to the large body of literature on venous thromboembolism (VTE), relatively few reports have focused on the pathogenesis, incidence, management and outcomes of arterial thromboembolic events in patients with malignancy. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on the etiology, mechanisms, and prognosis of arterial thromboembolic events in cancer patients and outline appropriate screening and management guidelines that may help lower the rates of morbidity and mortality related to these events.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...