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Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Intercellular induction of apoptosis signalling pathways.

Abdelrazek B Abdelrazzak1, Peter O'Neill, Mark A Hill

  • 1CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|November 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal cells eliminate transformed cells via intercellular signaling. This process involves peroxidase (PO) in autocrine signaling and nitric oxide (NO•) in intercellular signaling, crucial for tumor suppression.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
07:42

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Published on: June 29, 2011

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12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Intercellular signalling is critical for tumor progression.
  • Normal cells can eliminate transformed cells through apoptosis induction.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the mechanisms of intercellular induction of apoptosis.
  • To investigate the roles of peroxidase (PO) and nitric oxide (NO•) in this process.
  • To utilize a model cell system for selective elimination of transformed cells.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of transformed 208Fsrc3 cells with non-transformed 208F cells.
  • Analysis of apoptosis induction pathways.
  • High-resolution cell density studies.

Main Results:

  • In the absence of normal cells, transformed cells undergo autocrine apoptosis mediated by peroxidase (PO) and the PO/hypochlorous acid pathway.
  • In co-culture, intercellular signaling involving nitric oxide (NO•) and the NO•/peroxynitrite pathway also induces apoptosis in transformed cells.
  • Normal cells selectively eliminate transformed cells through distinct signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Intercellular signaling is a significant mechanism for tumor suppression.
  • Both autocrine (PO-mediated) and paracrine (NO•-mediated) pathways contribute to apoptosis in transformed cells.
  • The NO•/peroxynitrite pathway is particularly important in intercellular elimination of transformed cells by normal cells.