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Physical activity and obesity: biomechanical and physiological key concepts
Julie Nantel1, Marie-Eve Mathieu, François Prince
1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Journal of Obesity
|November 30, 2010
Summary
Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) impact physical activity by altering biomechanics and energy expenditure. Understanding these changes is crucial for prescribing effective exercise for weight management and health.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
- Public Health
Background:
- Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are linked to reduced physical activity levels.
- Physical activity is vital for weight management and mitigating associated metabolic and orthopedic risks.
- OW and OB significantly affect motor function, gait, and energy expenditure during daily activities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biomechanical and physiological effects of OW and OB on physical activity.
- To provide insights into exercise prescription for individuals with OW and OB.
- To examine the impact of OW and OB on youth during various physical activities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing concepts on OW/OB and physical activity.
- Analysis of biomechanical and physiological responses to exercise in OW/OB populations.
- Focus on postural and locomotor activities in youth.
Main Results:
- OW and OB cause musculoskeletal changes, reduced mobility, and altered gait patterns, particularly at the knee.
- Energy expenditure is modified for given activities in OW and OB individuals.
- Specific challenges exist for joint integrity, especially the knee, due to gait modifications.
Conclusions:
- Exercise prescription for OW and OB must consider altered biomechanics and physiology.
- Understanding gait modifications and energy costs is key for effective physical activity interventions.
- Further research is needed on OW/OB effects in youth to optimize physical activity guidelines.
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