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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Published on: February 13, 2016

Acid-degradable solid-walled microcapsules for pH-responsive burst-release drug delivery.

Kyle E Broaders¹, Stefan J Pastine, Sirisha Grandhe

¹Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|November 30, 2010

Summary

New acid-degradable microcapsules offer controlled cellular cargo release. These microcapsules degrade in acidic environments, releasing their contents efficiently with non-toxic byproducts, demonstrating potential for intracellular drug delivery.

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A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Controlled release systems are crucial for targeted drug delivery.
Existing systems often face challenges with degradation byproducts and release efficiency.
Acid-labile materials offer potential for triggered release in specific cellular environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize novel acid-degradable microcapsules.
To investigate the cargo release mechanism triggered by acidic conditions.
To demonstrate the feasibility of cellular cargo delivery and release using these microcapsules.

Main Methods:

Microcapsules synthesized using interfacial polymerization.
Acid-induced degradation studies to analyze release kinetics.
Cellular uptake and cargo release experiments to assess in vitro efficacy.

Main Results:

Successfully prepared acid-degradable microcapsules with a thin, degradable wall.
Degradation triggers an all-or-nothing cargo release mechanism.
Degradation byproducts identified as acetone and a non-toxic triamide.
Proof-of-concept experiments confirmed successful cargo delivery and release within cells.

Conclusions:

Acid-degradable microcapsules represent a promising platform for controlled intracellular cargo delivery.
The all-or-nothing release mechanism ensures efficient payload delivery upon encountering acidic conditions.
The non-toxic nature of degradation byproducts enhances their suitability for biomedical applications.