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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to the body's upright...

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Morphologic aspects of complete transposition.

R H Anderson1, G W Henry, A E Becker

  • 1National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and National Heart Hospital, London, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.

Cardiology in the Young
|December 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complete transposition is a heart defect with two specific connections: concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial. This definition simplifies describing all its variations and associated conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Complete transposition is a complex congenital heart defect.
  • Understanding its morphologic basis is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define complete transposition based on specific cardiac connections.
  • To establish a clear framework for classifying its variants.

Main Methods:

  • Morphologic analysis of cardiac connections.
  • Defining the entity by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial relationships.

Main Results:

  • Complete transposition is characterized by concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial connections.
  • This definition allows for unambiguous description of all subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • A precise morphologic definition simplifies the classification of complete transposition.
  • This approach aids in understanding associated malformations and anatomical variations.