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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration

Published on: February 10, 2023

Risk factors for undescended testis.

Marijn M Brouwers¹, Leonie M de Bruijne, Robert P E de Gier

¹Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and HTA, The Netherlands.

Journal of Pediatric Urology

|December 1, 2010

Summary

Undescended testis (UDT) is linked to genetics, placental issues, and environmental factors like cosmetics. Further research into UDT subgroups is recommended.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Published on: February 10, 2023

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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

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Published on: August 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Pediatric Urology
Reproductive Endocrinology
Environmental Health

Background:

Undescended testis (UDT) is a common congenital anomaly with multifactorial etiology.
Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate potential risk factors associated with undescended testis (UDT).
To explore the role of genetic, environmental, and obstetric factors in UDT etiology.

Main Methods:

A case-referent study involving 200 boys with surgically corrected UDT and 629 controls.
Data collected via parental postal questionnaires and medical records.
Logistic regression analysis used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

Significant associations found between UDT and familial occurrence (OR 3.1), low birth weight (OR 2.2), and maternal occupational exposure to cosmetics (OR 3.0).
Increased odds of UDT also observed with gestational preeclampsia (OR 1.9) and use of oral contraceptives post-conception (OR 3.6).
Subgroup analyses revealed differing risk factor associations based on the presence of inguinal hernia or hydrocele.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest a role for genetic predisposition, placental insufficiency, and endocrine-disrupting substances in UDT etiology.
Highlights the need to consider potential etiologic differences among UDT subgroups.
Emphasizes the importance of comprehensive risk factor assessment in UDT cases.