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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

PUF proteins: repression, activation and mRNA localization.

Tara Quenault1, Trevor Lithgow, Ana Traven

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia.

Trends in Cell Biology
|December 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

PUF proteins (Pumilio and FBF) are versatile regulators. They repress and activate gene expression, and target mRNAs for spatial control, impacting mitochondrial biogenesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • PUF proteins (Pumilio and FBF) are eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins.
  • They are known for roles in cell division, differentiation, and development.
  • PUFs primarily function as posttranscriptional repressors, but can also activate gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging concept of PUF proteins as versatile posttranscriptional regulators.
  • To discuss the integration of PUF functions in repression and mRNA targeting.
  • To propose a model for Puf3's role in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PUF protein functions.
  • Focus on Puf3 and Puf6 from yeast.
  • Model proposal for Puf3 function.

Main Results:

  • PUFs function as versatile posttranscriptional regulators.
  • PUFs can repress and activate gene expression.
  • PUFs facilitate mRNA localization for spatial control.

Conclusions:

  • PUF proteins are versatile regulators integrating repression and mRNA targeting.
  • Puf3's roles in mitochondrial mRNA targeting and repression promote cotranslational import and mitochondrial biogenesis.