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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

Genomics of human longevity.

P E Slagboom1, M Beekman, W M Passtoors

  • 1Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. p.slagboom@lumc.nl

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Genetic and dietary factors influence lifespan. Research integrates human studies and animal models to understand longevity and healthy aging mechanisms, revealing complex genetic and epigenetic influences.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Single-gene mutations in insulin/IGF and mTOR pathways significantly extend lifespan in animal models.
  • Human longevity involves complex genetic, genomic, and epigenetic factors, but shares metabolic and cellular similarities with genetically manipulated or diet-restricted long-lived animals.
  • Candidate gene studies suggest human longevity genes, orthologous to those in lower species, have a small but contributory influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mechanisms driving human longevity and healthy aging beyond traditional molecular and genetic epidemiology.
  • To integrate findings from diverse human cohorts and animal models for a comprehensive understanding of aging.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of novel study designs, extensive biobanking, deep phenotyping, and genomic research.
  • Analysis of life histories across different human cohorts to map molecular changes from development to death.
  • Comparative analysis with established animal models of lifespan extension.

Main Results:

  • Beneficial metabolic and cellular traits in long-lived human families mirror those in animals with extended lifespans.
  • Human orthologues of known longevity genes contribute to longevity, albeit with small effect sizes for specific variants.
  • Feasibility of reconstructing age-related molecular changes by integrating data from multiple prospective and retrospective human studies.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating diverse human cohort data and animal model research is advancing biological insights into human longevity.
  • A comprehensive approach combining genomics, phenotyping, and biobanking is crucial for unraveling longevity mechanisms.
  • Understanding human longevity requires moving beyond simple associations to detailed molecular and life-course analyses.