Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viruses of Archaea

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

What are Viruses?

What are Viruses?

Human Virome

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genetic Adaptation by Dengue Virus Serotype 2 to Enhance Infection of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquito Midguts.

Viruses·2022

Same author

Exposing cryptic epitopes on the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus E1 glycoprotein prior to treatment with alphavirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibody allows blockage of replication early in infection.

Virology·2021

Same author

A Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Japanese Encephalitis Virus with High Neutralizing Capability for Inclusion as a Positive Control in Diagnostic Neutralization Tests.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2019

Same author

Mosquitoes of Northwestern Uganda.

Journal of medical entomology·2018

Same author

A DENV-2-type-specific monoclonal antibody binds to the DENV-complex-reactive antigenic site on envelope protein domain 3.

The Journal of general virology·2017

Same author

A humanized monoclonal antibody neutralizes yellow fever virus strain 17D-204 in vitro but does not protect a mouse model from disease.

Antiviral research·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

Alphaviruses.

A M Powers¹, John T Roehrig

¹Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|December 1, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Alphaviruses are emerging mosquito-borne viruses causing significant human disease globally. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are now preferred for diagnosing alphavirus infections, complementing older methods.

More Related Videos

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Virology
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Alphaviruses are globally distributed, mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogens responsible for significant human and animal health issues.
Diseases caused by alphaviruses range from severe encephalitis to debilitating polyarthritis, posing a constant threat worldwide.
The emergence and re-emergence of alphavirus outbreaks necessitate robust diagnostic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide standardized protocols for identifying alphaviruses in clinical specimens.
To detail methods for serological characterization of human alphavirus infections.
To highlight the evolving landscape of alphavirus diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are presented as the current gold standard for virus identification.
Virus isolation in cell culture and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are discussed as complementary techniques.
Detailed protocols for both molecular and serological analyses are provided.

Main Results:

NAATs are rapidly replacing older diagnostic methods for alphavirus identification due to their speed and specificity.
Virus isolation and IFA with MAbs remain valuable due to rapid viral growth and cost-effectiveness, respectively.
Standardized protocols enable accurate identification and confirmation of alphavirus infections.

Conclusions:

Both NAATs and traditional methods like IFA are crucial for comprehensive alphavirus diagnosis.
Accurate identification and characterization of alphaviruses are essential for managing outbreaks and public health.
The presented protocols support laboratory efforts in combating alphavirus threats.