Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Widespread mono- and oligoadenylation direct small noncoding RNA maturation versus degradation fates.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

Multiple Quality Control Checkpoints Safeguard Small Nuclear RNA Biogenesis and Prevent Assembly of Aberrant Spliceosomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Human CCR4 deadenylase homolog Angel1 is a non-stop mRNA decay factor.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Widespread mono- and oligoadenylation direct small noncoding RNA maturation versus degradation fates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Cytoplasmic mRNA decay and quality control machineries in eukaryotes.

Nature reviews. Genetics·2025
Same author

Sm complex assembly and 5' cap trimethylation promote selective processing of snRNAs by the 3' exonuclease TOE1.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts
07:03

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 2, 2018

Regulated and quality-control mRNA turnover pathways in eukaryotes.

Boris Reznik1, Jens Lykke-Andersen

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|December 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights how cells control gene expression by degrading RNA molecules. It focuses on regulated and quality-control RNA degradation pathways in mammals.

More Related Videos

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
09:21

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

Published on: October 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts
07:03

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 2, 2018

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
09:21

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

Published on: October 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression is tightly regulated at multiple cellular levels.
  • RNA degradation, or turnover, is a critical process influencing gene expression.
  • Both quality-control and regulated degradation pathways exist for messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of regulated RNA degradation in eukaryotic cells.
  • To highlight quality-control RNA degradation pathways.
  • To focus on RNA degradation mechanisms in mammalian systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RNA degradation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of cis-encoded determinants and trans factors in mRNA fate.
  • Emphasis on eukaryotic and mammalian systems.

Main Results:

  • RNA degradation is a key regulatory point in gene expression.
  • Quality-control surveillance systems degrade aberrant RNAs during translation.
  • Regulated degradation involves specific mRNA sequences and protein factors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RNA degradation is crucial for comprehending gene expression regulation.
  • Mammalian cells employ sophisticated mechanisms for mRNA turnover.
  • Both targeted and surveillance-based RNA degradation play vital roles.