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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

[IVF in a modified natural cycle].

Annelies M E Bos1, Marie-José Pelinck, John C M Dumoulin

  • 1Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Afd. Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, the Netherlands.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|December 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modified natural cycle in vitro fertilisation (MNC-IVF) offers a safer, more patient-friendly alternative to controlled ovarian stimulation IVF. MNC-IVF significantly reduces risks of OHSS and multiple pregnancies, with comparable cumulative pregnancy rates.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Context:

  • Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is standard in in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
  • There is a growing demand for safer, more patient-friendly IVF methods.
  • Modified natural cycle IVF (MNC-IVF) is emerging as a patient-centric approach.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Modified Natural Cycle IVF (MNC-IVF).
  • To compare MNC-IVF outcomes with conventional Controlled Ovarian Stimulation IVF (COS-IVF).

Summary:

  • MNC-IVF prevents spontaneous ovulation using minimal hormones and supports single follicle growth.
  • This approach eliminates the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and minimizes multiple pregnancies.
  • One MNC-IVF cycle yields a 9.1% pregnancy chance, with a cumulative rate of 33.4% after six cycles.
  • Cumulative MNC-IVF results are comparable to the first COS-IVF cycle (33.4% vs. 37.7%).
  • MNC-IVF has a significantly lower twin pregnancy rate (0.1%) compared to COS-IVF (18.3%).

Impact:

  • MNC-IVF presents a viable, safer alternative to COS-IVF.
  • Reduced risks enhance patient safety and experience in fertility treatments.
  • This method offers comparable efficacy with improved safety profiles for IVF patients.