Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with systemic mastocytosis and an associated myeloid neoplasm: an international ECNM registry study.

Journal of hematology & oncology·2026
Same author

Young women with (pre)malignant cervical disease in northern Netherlands: what characterises them - A population-based cohort study.

BMC women's health·2026
Same author

PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation as a triage strategy in cytological and hrHPV-positive scrapings in both Chinese and Dutch cohorts.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same author

Reference materials and external quality assessment for liquid biopsy assays: Expert opinions from the European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA workshop.

Cancer treatment and research communications·2026
Same author

Radiotherapy Response Prediction in Myxofibrosarcomas and Undifferentiated Soft Tissue Sarcomas Using DNA Methylation and Copy Number Profiling.

International journal of surgical pathology·2026
Same author

Large language model-based approach for low-cost, rapid and accurate automated extraction of predictive biomarker testing results from Dutch pathology reports.

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells
12:24

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

Double-hit B-cell lymphomas.

Sietse M Aukema1, Reiner Siebert, Ed Schuuring

  • 1Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands. s.m.aukema@student.rug.nl

Blood
|December 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double-hit lymphomas, characterized by MYC and BCL2 gene rearrangements, present a poor prognosis in B-cell lymphomas. Testing for these genetic alterations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment strategies.

More Related Videos

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma
07:52

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Published on: January 9, 2019

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions
06:05

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells
12:24

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma
07:52

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Published on: January 9, 2019

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions
06:05

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chromosomal translocations, particularly MYC rearrangements, are key in B-cell lymphomas.
  • Double-hit (DH) lymphomas involve MYC/8q24 and another breakpoint, often t(14;18)(q32;q21) with BCL2.
  • These lymphomas are increasingly recognized, leading to a new WHO classification category.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recurrent DH B-cell lymphomas, their involved genes, and functions.
  • To explore the pathology, clinical aspects, therapy, and prognosis of DH lymphomas.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic importance of screening for MYC and other breakpoints in aggressive lymphomas.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on DH B-cell lymphomas.
  • Analysis of cytogenetic data, gene functions, and clinical outcomes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • DH lymphomas, often DLBCL with germinal center phenotype and BCL2 expression, show poor prognosis.
  • Poor outcomes are linked to MYC/BCL2 co-expression and genomic complexity, not just MYC.
  • Other DH subtypes include BCL6(+)/MYC(+) and CCND1(+)/MYC(+) lymphomas, often aggressive mantle cell lymphoma variants.

Conclusions:

  • DH lymphomas, especially those with MYC/BCL2 involvement, indicate a poor prognosis despite intensive treatment.
  • MYC activation appears to be a significant progression pathway in B-cell lymphomas.
  • Screening for MYC and other breakpoints is recommended for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and related entities.