Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revisiting Hematoma Rates In Male Patients After Facelift Surgery: A Matched Cohort Analysis.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Effect of Age on Complications in Facelift Surgery.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2026
Same author

Adjunct Perioral Phenol-Croton Oil Peel Shortens Philtrum Length in Patients Undergoing Primary Facelift.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2025
Same author

Comparing Temporal Trends in Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Match Statistics in Plastic Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, and Oculofacial Surgery.

Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum·2025
Same author

Evaluating the Time of Maximal Vasoconstrictive Effect of Epinephrine in Facelift Surgery.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2025
Same author

Abdominoplasty Practice Patterns: An American Society of Plastic Surgeons Member Survey-How Much Has Changed Over 20 Years?

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Controversies in skull reconstruction.

James E Zins1, Claude-Jean Langevin, Serdar Nasir

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. zinsj@ccf.org

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|December 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Calcium phosphate cement showed a high complication rate for large skull defects. Autogenous cranial bone is now preferred for these reconstructions due to its reliability.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Biomaterials science
  • Orthopedic surgery

Background:

  • Membranous bone (cranial) demonstrates superior volume maintenance compared to endochondral bone (rib, iliac crest).
  • Cranial bone became the preferred autogenous graft for hard tissue repair due to its volume stability.
  • The pursuit of off-the-shelf bone graft alternatives has been ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report long-term complication rates of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for full-thickness skull defect cranioplasty.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CPC in large (>25 cm²) full-thickness skull defects.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 20 full-thickness skull defect cranioplasties using CPC between 1995 and 2005.
  • Analysis of major and minor complication rates, with a focus on large defects (>25 cm²).

More Related Videos

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
10:42

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
08:15

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
10:42

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
08:15

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Main Results:

  • A significant long-term complication rate of 38% was observed with CPC use.
  • CPC demonstrated a high complication rate, particularly in large, full-thickness skull defects.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium phosphate cement is contraindicated for large, full-thickness skull defects (>25 cm²).
  • Autogenous cranial bone has been reinstated as the criterion standard for reconstruction in such cases.