Histologic studies on osseointegration: soft tissues response to implant surfaces and components. A review

It is important to clarify the potential response of different types of cells to different implant materials and topographies. Thus, in vitro studies are performed using cell cultures, in order to evaluate, among other characteristics, the morphology, orientation, proliferation and adhesion of the cells. Histology evaluation are performed in animals or humans to describe the physiological response to different surfaces.