Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic control of autophagy.

Cell·2014
Same author

A phase I/II trial of Erlotinib in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia after azacitidine failure.

Leukemia research·2014
Same author

Restoration of CFTR function in patients with cystic fibrosis carrying the F508del-CFTR mutation.

Autophagy·2014
Same author

Cancer cell-autonomous contribution of type I interferon signaling to the efficacy of chemotherapy.

Nature medicine·2014
Same author

Entosis, a key player in cancer cell competition.

Cell research·2014
Same author

Cytokines reinstate NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Alternative cell death mechanisms in development and beyond.

Junying Yuan1, Guido Kroemer

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jyuan@hms.harvard.edu

Genes & Development
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian development involves multiple cell death pathways beyond canonical apoptosis. This review explores alternative mechanisms like necroptosis and entosis, highlighting their roles in development and disease.

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor
20:16

Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor

Published on: February 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor
20:16

Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor

Published on: February 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The canonical apoptosis pathway (Bcl-2 and caspase families) regulates cell death in model organisms.
  • Mammalian development shows minor defects in canonical apoptosis-deficient mutants, suggesting alternative pathways.
  • Cell death is crucial for mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, and pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate evidence for alternative cell death mechanisms in mammals.
  • To discuss the physiological relevance of these alternative pathways.
  • To explore mechanisms beyond canonical apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical evaluation of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies on various cell death modalities.
  • Synthesis of evidence for non-canonical cell death pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports alternative cell death mechanisms, including autophagic cell death, necroptosis, entosis, and cornification.
  • These pathways operate independently of canonical apoptosis mediators.
  • Apoptosis in lower organisms can occur without canonical mediators.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple cell death mechanisms regulate mammalian development and homeostasis.
  • Alternative cell death pathways serve as primary or backup systems.
  • Understanding these diverse mechanisms is vital for comprehending physiological and pathological cell loss.