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Related Concept Videos

SN2 Reaction: Transition State02:26

SN2 Reaction: Transition State

An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
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Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Transition-state theory, also known as activated-complex theory, provides a molecular-level explanation of reaction rates in both gas-phase and solution-phase reactions. It extends earlier kinetic models by considering the formation of a short-lived, high-energy configuration during a reaction.The progress of a chemical reaction can be represented using a reaction profile, which plots potential energy against the reaction coordinate. As two reactant molecules approach one another, their...
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Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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The structural phase transition in SrV(6)O(11).

Yoshiaki Hata1, Yasushi Kanke, Eiji Kita

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan. hata@nda.ac.jp

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Strontium hexavanadium undecaoxide (SrV6O11) exhibits a structural phase transition from P6(3)/mmc to P6(3)mc below 322 K. This transition, observed in AV6O11 compounds, is linked to magnetic changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • AV6O11 compounds are known for their interesting structural and magnetic properties.
  • Understanding structural transitions is crucial for designing new materials with specific functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural phase transition in strontium hexavanadium undecaoxide (SrV6O11).
  • To determine the crystal structures of SrV6O11 at different temperatures.
  • To correlate the structural transition with magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structures.
  • Specific heat measurements were conducted to identify phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • SrV6O11 undergoes a structural transition from P6(3)/mmc to inversion twinned P6(3)mc at 322 K.
  • The crystal structures at 353 K (P6(3)/mmc) and room temperature (P6(3)mc) were determined.
  • The transition is accompanied by a magnetic transition, consistent with other AV6O11 compounds.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a temperature-induced structural phase transition in SrV6O11.
  • This transition is a common feature in AV6O11 materials, irrespective of the A cation.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in this class of compounds.