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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Density01:19

Crystal Density

The crystal lattice structure of a material allows us to determine how many molecules exist in its unit cell. With this information, alongside the unit-cell parameters - three distance parameters (a, b, c) and three angular parameters (α, β, γ).Density (ρ) = (Z × M) / (a × b × c × NA)where:Z is the number of formula units per unit cellM is the molar mass of the substancea, b, and c are the edge lengths of the unit cellNA is Avogadro’s numberFor a simple cubic lattice, atoms are located only at...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...

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Microbiologically Induced Calcite Precipitation Mediated by Sporosarcina pasteurii
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Soft porous crystals.

Satoshi Horike1, Satoru Shimomura, Susumu Kitagawa

  • 1Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

Nature Chemistry
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft porous crystals, such as metal-organic frameworks, combine dynamic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Biology

Background:

  • Host-guest complexation is crucial for applications like separation, storage, and sensing.
  • Zeolites and enzymes are examples of host frameworks with specific functions.
  • Integrating material 'softness' with structural 'regularity' presents unique opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the synergistic properties of 'softness' and 'regularity' in porous materials.
  • To investigate the potential of dynamic frameworks in host-guest complexation.
  • To correlate structure-property relationships for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on porous coordination polymers (metal-organic frameworks).
  • Investigate dynamic framework responses to external stimuli (light, electric fields, guest species).
  • Analyze reversible changes in crystalline channels while maintaining regularity.

Main Results:

  • Soft porous crystals exhibit dynamic frameworks responsive to stimuli.
  • These materials reversibly alter their channel structures.
  • High structural regularity is maintained during dynamic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Metal-organic frameworks exemplify materials combining softness and regularity.
  • Dynamic and regular frameworks offer tunable properties for host-guest applications.
  • Understanding these structure-property relationships is key for developing advanced materials.