Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
Published on: June 13, 2020
Dynamical response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to solar forcing during the early Holocene
Thomas M Marchitto1, Raimund Muscheler, Joseph D Ortiz
1Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tom.marchitto@colorado.edu
Abstract:
We present a high-resolution magnesium/calcium proxy record of Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) from off the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, a region where interannual SST variability is dominated today by the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Temperatures were lowest during the early to middle Holocene, consistent with documented eastern equatorial Pacific cooling and numerical model simulations of orbital forcing into a La Niña-like state at that time. The early Holocene SSTs were also characterized by millennial-scale fluctuations that correlate with cosmogenic nuclide proxies of solar variability, with inferred solar minima corresponding to El Niño-like (warm) conditions, in apparent agreement with the theoretical "ocean dynamical thermostat" response of ENSO to exogenous radiative forcing.
Related Concept Videos
Global Climate Change
Transient and Steady-state Response
These test signals are integral in designing control systems to exhibit two key performance aspects: transient response and steady-state response.
Isothermal Processes
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
Speciation Rates
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
Tidal Forces
