Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026
06:14
Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
Published on: July 30, 2020
Laboratory simulations of lidar returns from clouds.
Applied Optics
|December 4, 2010
Summary
This study presents lidar measurements on lab-scale cloud models, revealing how multiple scattering effects depend on medium properties and geometry. These findings aid in validating lidar simulation models for cloud studies.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric Optics
- Remote Sensing
Background:
- Lidar (light detection and ranging) is crucial for probing atmospheric properties.
- Understanding multiple scattering is vital for accurate lidar signal interpretation in clouds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate multiple scattering effects in laboratory cloud models using lidar.
- To analyze the influence of medium extinction and geometric parameters on lidar returns.
- To study depolarization caused by multiple scattering.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a lidar system with a picosecond laser and streak camera.
- Simulated clouds using homogeneous aqueous suspensions of calibrated microspheres.
- Varied diffuser concentrations and receiver angular field of view.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated the dependence of multiple scattering effects on extinction coefficient and geometric parameters.
- Quantified the impact of multiple scattering on lidar signal attenuation and depolarization.
- Provided experimental data for well-controlled laboratory conditions.
Conclusions:
- The experimental results offer valuable data for validating numerical and analytical models of multiple scattering in lidar.
- This research enhances the accuracy of lidar-based cloud remote sensing techniques.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Precipitation Gravimetry
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
01:12Precipitation Processes
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
01:18Boundary Layer Characteristics
When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
01:07Laminar and Turbulent Flow
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
01:26Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
01:16Flame Photometry: Lab
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...