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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

Modulation transfer function of antenna-coupled infrared detector arrays.

G D Boreman, A Dogariu, C Christodoulou

|December 4, 2010

Summary

Researchers explored antenna-coupled detectors for infrared (IR) imagers. Electromagnetic cross-talk between antennas in focal-plane arrays (FPAs) was analyzed and found not to significantly impact image quality.

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Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Infrared Technology
Detector Arrays

Background:

Individual antenna-coupled infrared (IR) bolometers operating near 10 μm have been successfully demonstrated.
The development of focal-plane arrays (FPAs) of these detectors offers potential for enhanced IR imager performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the image-quality potential of antenna-coupled FPAs.
To evaluate the impact of electromagnetic coupling between adjacent antennas on the modulation transfer function (MTF).

Main Methods:

Development of a cross-talk modulation transfer function (MTF) specific to antenna-coupled FPAs.
Analysis of electromagnetic coupling effects between detector elements within the FPA.

Main Results:

Electromagnetic cross-talk was quantified using the developed cross-talk MTF.
The analysis indicates that electromagnetic cross-talk is not a significant limiting factor for image quality in these devices.

Conclusions:

Antenna-coupled FPAs hold promise for improved IR imaging.
Electromagnetic coupling effects are unlikely to degrade the performance of future antenna-coupled IR imagers.