Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Lung cysts, a common feature found in patients with hairy cell leukaemia and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

ERJ open research·2026

Same author

The t(X;5)(q13;q33) Translocation in Myeloid Neoplasms Is Preferentially Associated With Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: A Report From the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique.

Genes, chromosomes & cancer·2026

Same author

Updated consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with HCL and HCL variant.

Blood·2026

Same author

BRAF inhibitor plus rituximab in classical hairy cell leukaemia: A retrospective multicentre real-life study.

British journal of haematology·2026

Same author

Therapeutic innovation in oncology: What do you mean? Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent, L. Wittgenstein.

BMC cancer·2025

Same author

Corrigendum to "Comparative analysis of 5-year relative survival in adolescents and young adults with cancer relative to both children and adults in Europe (EUROCARE-6): Results from a population-based study" [Eur. J. Cancer 2025 Aug 26;226:115535. PMID: 40743655].

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with binucleated lymphocytes (PPBL).

Xavier Troussard¹, Edouard Cornet, Jean-François Lesesve

¹Laboratoire d'Hématologie Côte de Nacre, Université Caen Basse Normandie Caen, Registre Régional des Hémopathies Malignes de Basse Normandie, France.

Oncotargets and Therapy

|December 4, 2010

Summary

Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a rare condition diagnosed in women, often smokers, characterized by chronic lymphocytosis and a specific chromosomal abnormality. Long-term follow-up is crucial as PPBL may evolve into clonal proliferation or malignancy.

Keywords:

+i(3q)binucleated lymphocytes polyclonal lymphocytosis premature chromosome condensation

More Related Videos

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: November 8, 2011

Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

Published on: October 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: November 8, 2011

Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

Published on: October 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Cytogenetics

Background:

Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a rare hematologic disorder.
Typically affects women, often smokers, presenting with chronic absolute lymphocytosis.
Distinguished from B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders by polyclonal B cells and specific genetic markers.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the diagnostic markers and long-term clinical course of PPBL.
To investigate the frequency of the specific chromosomal abnormality +i(3q) in PPBL.
To assess the risk of malignant transformation or other serious complications in PPBL patients.

Main Methods:

Conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on 111 PPBL patients.
Patients were followed for a median of 4.4 years.
Clinical and biological data, including development of malignancies and monoclonal gammopathies, were recorded.

Main Results:

The extra isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 3 (+i(3q)) was detected in 34% of cases by CCA and 71% by FISH.
Combining both methods identified +i(3q) in a higher percentage of patients.
Most patients had a stable course, but 6 died from various causes, and 3 developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Conclusions:

PPBL is associated with the specific chromosomal abnormality +i(3q), detectable by both CCA and FISH.
While often stable, PPBL carries a risk of evolving into clonal proliferation, NHL, or secondary solid cancers.
Long-term clinical and biological follow-up is essential for all PPBL patients.