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Related Concept Videos

Expected Value01:15

Expected Value

The expected value is known as the "long-term" average or mean. This means that over the long term of experimenting over and over, you would expect this average. The expected average is represented by the symbol μ. It is calculated as follows:In the equation, x is an event, and P(x) is the probability of the event occurring.The expected value has practical applications in decision theory.This text is adapted from Openstax, Introductory Statistics, Section 4.2 Mean or Expected Value and...
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When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Expectations.

Michael J Constantino1, Diane B Arnkoff, Carol R Glass

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, 612 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA. mconstantino@psych.umass.edu

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|December 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positive patient expectations about psychotherapy outcomes can improve treatment success. This meta-analysis found a small but significant link between early outcome expectations and better results, highlighting their importance in therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychotherapy Research

Background:

  • Patient expectations are recognized as significant factors in psychotherapy effectiveness.
  • Outcome expectations, specifically beliefs about treatment consequences, are a key type of expectation.
  • Understanding these expectations is crucial for optimizing therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define outcome expectations and outline methods for their assessment.
  • To review the existing literature on mediators and patient factors influencing outcome expectations.
  • To conduct a meta-analysis on the association between early outcome expectations and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive meta-analysis of 46 independent samples (N=8,016 patients) was performed.
  • The analysis examined the correlation between pretherapy or early-therapy outcome expectations and posttreatment outcomes.
  • A narrative review of mediators and patient-specific factors was also conducted.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis revealed a small but statistically significant positive effect (d=.24, p<.001) of outcome expectations on adaptive treatment outcomes.
  • This indicates that patients with higher positive expectations tend to achieve better results in psychotherapy.
  • Various mediators and patient factors influencing these expectations were explored in the narrative review.

Conclusions:

  • Early positive outcome expectations are a significant predictor of successful psychotherapy.
  • Clinicians can leverage this understanding to foster positive expectations for improved patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and refine therapeutic practices.