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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
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Pressure-induced structural transformations in bis(glycinium)oxalate.

A K Mishra1, Chitra Murli, Nandini Garg

  • 1High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Bis(glycinium)oxalate undergoes two high-pressure phase transitions, involving hydrogen bond reorganization and structural changes. These transformations impact the oxalate group

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Bis(glycinium)oxalate is an organic salt with potential applications in nonlinear optics.
  • Understanding its structural behavior under pressure is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural phase transitions of bis(glycinium)oxalate under high pressure.
  • To characterize the changes in hydrogen bonding and molecular structure.

Main Methods:

  • In situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy.
  • In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct phase transitions were observed around 1.7 GPa (Phase II) and 5 GPa (Phase III).
  • Phase II exhibits loss of symmetry and formation of non-identical glycine molecules, with broken and reformed N-H···O bonds.
  • Phase III involves further hydrogen bond reorganization.
  • The oxalate C-C stretching mode softens significantly up to 18 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • Bis(glycinium)oxalate displays complex structural rearrangements under pressure.
  • The observed phase transitions are driven by changes in hydrogen bonding networks.
  • High pressure significantly modifies the vibrational properties of the oxalate moiety.