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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

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CD4+/CD25+ cells in systemic inflammation in COPD.

J Domagała-Kulawik1, G Hoser, M Dąbrowska

  • 1Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. domagalakulawik@gmail.com

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals altered immune cell populations, specifically lower CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells and higher CTLA4 expression, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Elevated adiponectin levels also correlate with disease severity, suggesting a role in systemic inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Metabolic disease

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory condition.
  • Autoimmune reactions are implicated in COPD pathogenesis, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) playing a crucial role in immune homeostasis.
  • Adiponectin, an adipokine, has demonstrated immunomodulatory functions, but its role in COPD-associated autoimmunity is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of autoimmune responses in the peripheral blood of patients with mild to moderate COPD.
  • To assess the levels of adiponectin and its relationship with immune cell populations and disease severity in COPD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood samples were collected from 28 COPD patients and 20 healthy volunteers.
  • Flow cytometry was employed to analyze immune cell subsets, including CD4+/CD25+ T cells, CTLA4 expression, and CD14/CD45, CD3/CD19, CD8/CD25 markers.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify serum adiponectin concentrations.

Main Results:

  • COPD patients exhibited a significantly lower proportion of CD4+/CD25+ and CD4+/CD25+(high) T cells compared to healthy controls.
  • A higher proportion of CTLA4+ cells within the CD25+ population was observed in COPD patients.
  • Significantly elevated serum adiponectin levels were found in COPD patients, with the adiponectin/BMI ratio correlating negatively with FEV1%.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest an altered regulatory T cell profile and increased CTLA4 expression in COPD patients, potentially indicating an autoimmune component.
  • Elevated adiponectin levels in COPD may contribute to systemic inflammation and disease progression.
  • These results highlight the potential involvement of CD4+/CD25+/CTLA4+ cells and adiponectin in the systemic inflammatory processes characterizing COPD.