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Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery
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[Sportman's hernia].

Camilla Ibsen Hauge1, Lars Nannestad Jørgensen

  • 1Kirurgisk Afdeling K, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 København NV, Denmark.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sportsman's hernia causes groin pain in athletes due to posterior inguinal weakness or muscle/tendon injuries. Surgery may help, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Anatomy

Context:

  • Sportsman's hernia, characterized by insidious groin pain, predominantly affects young male athletes involved in sports requiring frequent kicking and twisting motions.
  • Pathophysiological theories suggest either a weakening of the posterior inguinal wall or injuries to fascial structures and pubic bone tendon insertions contribute to the condition.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of sportsman's hernia, including its pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes.
  • To highlight the limitations in current research, particularly the lack of randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up.

Summary:

  • Sportsman's hernia presents with groin pain in athletes, linked to posterior inguinal wall weakness or musculotendinous injuries at the pubic bone.
  • Diagnosis involves excluding other conditions, and conservative treatments are often ineffective.
  • While uncontrolled studies indicate surgical improvement, robust evidence from randomized trials is lacking to definitively establish surgery's role.

Impact:

  • This review underscores the need for high-quality research to clarify the optimal treatment strategy for sportsman's hernia.
  • Improved understanding and evidence-based guidelines can lead to better patient outcomes and more effective management of this sports-related injury.