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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
12:37

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Published on: September 11, 2012

[Anal cancer].

M Fesneau1, E Champeaux-Orange, C Hennequin

  • 1Service de radiothérapie, Centre régional universitaire de cancérologie Henry-S.-Kaplan CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidermoid carcinomas of the anal canal are rare digestive cancers. Treatment involves radiotherapy with chemotherapy, with dose adjustments based on response and tumor extension, and consideration of organs at risk.

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Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
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Published on: September 11, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • Anal canal epidermoid carcinomas constitute 1.2% of digestive and 6% of ano-rectal cancers.
  • Treatment for localized disease relies on radiotherapy, potentially combined with chemotherapy (5-FU, cisplatin, mitomycin), guided by tumor and nodal spread.

Purpose:

  • To consolidate epidemiological, radio-anatomic, and prognostic features of anal canal epidermoid carcinomas.
  • To illustrate conformal radiotherapy techniques through a case report.

Summary:

  • Standard radiotherapy dose is 45 Gy to the anal canal, mesorectum, pararectal, and inguinal lymph nodes.
  • An additional 15-20 Gy boost may be given to the primary tumor in responders.
  • Salvage surgery is reserved for cases with suboptimal response to initial treatment.

Impact:

  • Highlights critical organs at risk (bladder, femur heads, small intestine, vulva) during treatment planning.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing this specific cancer type.
  • Demonstrates the application of conformal radiotherapy in a clinical scenario.