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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.5K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

32.7K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
32.7K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

36.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
36.2K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.0K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.0K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.0K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

15.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
15.2K

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Related Experiment Videos

Epigenetics in AML.

Ari M Melnick1

  • 1Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States. amm2014@med.cornell.edu

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are key in leukemia development, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These epigenetic changes are frequent, recurrent, and offer significant clinical insights.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulation influences gene expression.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation is implicated in leukemogenesis.
  • Cytosine methylation patterns are altered in all leukemias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of aberrant DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To analyze the clinical and prognostic significance of distinct methylation signatures in AML.
  • To compare the frequency and recurrence of epigenetic versus genetic lesions in AML.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in leukemia samples.
  • Identification of specific cytosine methylation signatures in AML.
  • Comparative analysis of epigenetic and genetic lesions.

Main Results:

  • Distinct DNA methylation signatures are observed in AML.
  • These signatures correlate with leukemic mechanisms.
  • Epigenetic lesions are more frequent and recurrent than genetic lesions in AML.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation plays a significant role in AML.
  • Methylation signatures in AML have clinical and prognostic value.
  • Epigenetic alterations are a major feature of AML pathogenesis.