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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

Conceptual implicit memory and environmental context.

Neil W Mulligan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States. nmulligan@unc.edu

Consciousness and Cognition
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental context changes impair explicit memory recall but not conceptual implicit memory when explicit contamination is controlled. Context dependency is a general difference between implicit and explicit memory types.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Environmental context changes between encoding and retrieval impact explicit memory.
  • Research on the effects of context on implicit memory, particularly conceptual priming, is inconclusive.
  • Previous findings on conceptual priming may be confounded by explicit memory contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of environmental context changes on conceptual explicit and implicit memory.
  • To determine if context dependency is a general characteristic differentiating implicit and explicit memory.
  • To assess the role of test awareness in mediating context effects on conceptual priming.

Main Methods:

  • Examined explicit memory using category-cued recall.
  • Assessed conceptual implicit memory through category production tasks.
  • Measured test awareness using a post-test questionnaire.
  • Monitored mood changes across different environmental contexts.

Main Results:

  • Explicit recall significantly decreased with context changes.
  • Implicit memory performance varied based on test awareness: unaware participants showed equivalent priming across contexts, while aware participants exhibited more priming in the same context.
  • Mood measures did not reveal significant affective shifts between contexts.

Conclusions:

  • When explicit contamination is controlled, environmental context changes do not hinder conceptual implicit memory.
  • Context dependency is a fundamental distinction between implicit and explicit memory, not between conceptual and perceptual implicit memory.
  • Mood does not appear to mediate the observed context effects on explicit memory recall.