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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

[Acute cholangitis].

Benito Almirante¹, Carlos Pigrau

¹Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España. balmirante@vhebron.net

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica

|December 7, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Acute cholangitis, a severe biliary tract infection, often stems from common duct stones causing obstruction. Prompt antimicrobial therapy and biliary drainage are key treatments for this condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Infectious Diseases
Medical Imaging

Background:

Acute cholangitis is a serious biliary tract infection linked to obstruction.
Common bile duct stones are the most frequent cause of this obstruction.
Bacterial colonization, primarily from intestinal microflora, drives the infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the etiology, diagnosis, and management of acute cholangitis.
To highlight the role of biliary obstruction in disease development.
To outline current treatment strategies for acute cholangitis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of acute cholangitis.
Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques (ultrasonography, CT, MRI).
Summary of recommended therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

Common duct stones are the primary cause of biliary obstruction leading to cholangitis.
Charcot triad (fever, jaundice, abdominal pain) is the typical presentation.
Radiological imaging confirms obstruction and aids etiological diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Early antimicrobial therapy and biliary drainage are crucial for managing acute cholangitis.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common biliary drainage technique.
Effective management relies on timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe outcomes.