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Late cardiovascular drift observable during ultraendurance exercise.

C Mikael Mattsson1, Marcus Ståhlberg, Filip J Larsen

  • 1Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. mikael.mattsson@ki.se

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 7, 2010
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Summary

Ultraendurance exercise causes central circulation to adapt in stages, with initial cardiovascular drift followed by improved efficiency and stroke volume. These changes maintain cardiac output, demonstrating physiological adaptation to prolonged physical exertion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Ultraendurance exercise presents unique challenges to the cardiovascular system.
  • Understanding central circulatory adaptations is key to optimizing performance and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the central circulatory adaptations during prolonged ultraendurance exercise.
  • To determine the roles of stroke volume (SV) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) in oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) changes.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated subjects in 12-hour (n=8) and 53-hour (n=20) ultraendurance protocols.
  • Measured heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and cardiac output (CO) using noninvasive gas rebreathing at various time points.
  • Assessed circulatory responses during cycling at a fixed workload.

Main Results:

  • VO2 increased throughout exercise, attributed to peripheral adaptations (correlated with a-vO2 diff).
  • Early phase (0-6h): cardiovascular drift (increased HR, decreased SV and O2 pulse).
  • Mid phase (up to 12h): reversed HR drift, normalized SV and O2 pulse.
  • Late phase (>50h): increased O2 pulse, decreased peripheral resistance, increased SV, and decreased cardiac work.
  • Cardiac output remained stable throughout.

Conclusions:

  • Central circulation adapts in distinct phases during ultraendurance exercise.
  • Adaptations include initial cardiovascular drift, followed by improved efficiency and stroke volume.
  • These changes are physiologically appropriate, maintaining cardiac output and energy distribution.