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Related Concept Videos

Heritability01:06

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic" a trait is,...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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[Heritability and environment in normal and abnormal development].

Horacio Lejarraga1

  • 1Servicio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. hlejarraga@garrahan.gov.ar

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors explain about half of cognitive ability variance, with shared environments dominating childhood and non-shared environments becoming crucial in adulthood. Quantitative genetics reveals significant environmental impacts on human development.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Development
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Cognitive Science

Context:

  • Environmental influences on human development are studied using twin and sibling studies, comparing individuals reared together and apart.
  • Investigating genetic and environmental contributions to developmental traits.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of environmental factors in shaping human development and general cognitive ability.
  • To understand the differential impact of shared and non-shared environments across the lifespan.

Summary:

  • Approximately 50% of the variance in general cognitive ability is attributable to environmental factors.
  • Environmental influence on cognitive ability diminishes with age, shifting from shared to non-shared factors.
  • Quantitative genetics provides valuable insights into environmental influences on human development.

Impact:

  • Highlights the significant, dynamic role of the environment in human development.
  • Underscores the importance of distinguishing between shared and non-shared environmental effects.
  • Demonstrates the paradoxical contribution of quantitative genetics to understanding environmental influences.