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Related Concept Videos

Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
Self-Locking Screw01:16

Self-Locking Screw

A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. One of the key features that can make a screw jack more effective and reliable is its self-locking capability.
A square-threaded screw jack carrying a load is considered self-locking if the screw retains its position even after the moment applied to it is removed.
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange &amp; MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation
07:15

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation

Published on: November 26, 2011

24-hour lock mass protection.

Kimberly A Lee1, Chris Farnsworth, Wen Yu

  • 1Department of Molecular Sciences, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119, USA. kalee@amgen.com

Journal of Proteome Research
|December 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving mass accuracy in proteomics, this study enhanced the performance of a lock mass calibrant in the LTQ-Orbitrap (OT) instrument. By increasing calibrant abundance, researchers achieved more robust recalibration, boosting statistical mass accuracy and phosphopeptide identification rates.

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High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells
10:07

High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange &amp; MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation
07:15

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation

Published on: November 26, 2011

High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells
10:07

High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Highly accurate mass measurements are crucial in proteomics.
  • Hybrid FTMS and Q-TOF instruments, like the LTQ-Orbitrap (OT), offer high mass accuracy and sensitivity.
  • Mass calibrants (lock masses) are used to correct systematic errors in mass measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the robustness of polydimethylcyclosiloxane (PCM) as a lock mass calibrant in the LTQ-Orbitrap.
  • To assess the impact of PCM on phosphopeptide annotation rates.
  • To develop a strategy for improving the performance of PCM recalibration.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of polydimethylcyclosiloxane (PCM) as an external calibrant in the LTQ-Orbitrap (OT) instrument.
  • Assessment of PCM's impact on phosphopeptide annotation rates under standard laboratory conditions.
  • Development and implementation of a strategy to increase the external abundance of PCM molecules in laboratory air.

Main Results:

  • PCM demonstrated a lack of robustness as a lock mass calibrant under normal laboratory conditions.
  • Increasing the external abundance of PCM molecules significantly improved the robustness of the lock mass recalibration feature.
  • Enhanced recalibration led to improvements in both statistical mass accuracy and phosphopeptide annotation rates.

Conclusions:

  • The performance of the preprogrammed lock mass recalibration feature in the LTQ-Orbitrap can be significantly improved.
  • Increasing the external abundance of calibrant molecules is an effective strategy for enhancing robustness and accuracy.
  • This improved method leads to more reliable phosphopeptide identification in complex proteomic samples.