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Related Concept Videos

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development01:19

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal consequences. In Stage...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
Humanistic Psychology01:24

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
This approach...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Moral enhancement and freedom.

John Harris1

  • 1University of Manchester, School of Law. john.harris@manchester.ac.uk

Bioethics
|December 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Traditional methods like socialization and education are the most reliable for moral enhancement. High-tech interventions targeting specific ethical capacities show limited success in human enhancement research.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Enhancement

Background:

  • Human enhancement has become a significant bioethical concern over the past two decades.
  • Moral enhancement, a subset of human enhancement, is currently a topic of intense research and ethical debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of various moral enhancement strategies.
  • To analyze contemporary approaches to moral enhancement in light of historical and technological advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human enhancement and bioethics.
  • Analysis of proposed high-tech (genetic, chemical, surgical, neurological) and traditional methods for moral enhancement.
  • Critical examination of prominent theories advocating for specific moral enhancement techniques.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Main Results:

  • Traditional methods such as socialization, education, and parental supervision remain the most reliable for moral enhancement.
  • High-tech interventions, including genetic, chemical, surgical, and neurological manipulation, are not currently viable for targeted moral enhancement.
  • General cognitive enhancement methods show more promise than those specifically targeting 'ethical' capacities.
  • Contemporary advocates' specific proposals for enhancing moral qualities or emotions have limited prospects for success.

Conclusions:

  • The most effective methods for moral enhancement are long-established practices like education and socialization.
  • Future advancements in high-tech human enhancement are unlikely to yield specific moral improvements in the near future.
  • Research should focus on the limitations of current high-tech approaches and the enduring efficacy of traditional methods for moral development.