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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

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Published on: February 3, 2023

Spry2 expression correlates with BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer.

Lizhong Xu1, Jun Liang Zhou, Michael Cohen

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Surgery
|December 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spry2 expression correlates with BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer (TC). This suggests Spry2 may indicate mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, potentially impacting prognosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • BRAF mutations are linked to aggressive thyroid cancer (TC) by activating the MAPK pathway.
  • Spry2 is a negative feedback regulator of the MAPK pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Spry2 in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed Spry2 expression and MAPK pathway activation in TC cell lines.
  • Treated cells with MEK inhibitor and Spry2 small hairpin RNA.
  • Examined Spry2 expression and MAPK pathway mutations in human papillary TCs.

Main Results:

  • BRAF V600E mutant (BRAF+) cells showed increased baseline pMEK and Spry2 expression.
  • MEK inhibition in BRAF+ cells decreased Spry2 and pMEK/pERK levels.
  • BRAF+ human papillary TCs exhibited increased Spry2 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Spry2 expression correlates with BRAF status in vitro and in human tissues.
  • Spry2 may act as a negative feedback regulator in BRAF+ TC.
  • Increased Spry2 expression could be a marker for MAPK pathway activation with prognostic and therapeutic implications.