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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

The parathyroid hormone assay.

Steven E Rodgers1, John I Lew

  • 1Division of Endocrine Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. srodgers@med.miami.edu

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|December 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory assays for parathyroid hormone measurement have advanced significantly since 1963, becoming faster and more accessible. However, challenges remain in accurately measuring parathyroid hormone in patients with renal disease.

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Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification
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Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification

Published on: August 1, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification
08:07

Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification

Published on: August 1, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
  • Accurate PTH measurement is essential for diagnosing and managing various endocrine disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of laboratory assays for parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement.
  • To discuss the current applications and limitations of PTH assays in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of pertinent literature was conducted.
  • Literature focused on the evolution and validation of PTH assay methodologies.

Main Results:

  • PTH assays have evolved from early methods to highly sensitive and specific tests.
  • Modern assays are rapid (<20 minutes), cost-effective, and isotope-free.
  • Despite advancements, current PTH assays are susceptible to interference and artifacts.

Conclusions:

  • In-house PTH measurement and intraoperative monitoring are widely available, aiding the study of primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • PTH assay accessibility has improved clinical understanding and management.
  • Accurate PTH measurement in patients with renal disease continues to be problematic.