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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Subtotal parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Tina W F Yen1, Tracy S Wang

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. tyen@mcw.edu

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|December 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Subtotal parathyroidectomy effectively manages multiple gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism, achieving normocalcemia in over 95% of cases. Long-term follow-up is crucial for monitoring potential recurrence.

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The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism affects approximately 15% of patients with multiple gland disease.
  • A small subset of multiple gland disease cases stems from familial syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology of multiple gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • To outline surgical indications, techniques, and management for subtotal parathyroidectomy.
  • To discuss postoperative and long-term care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review utilizing evidence-based criteria.

Main Results:

  • Subtotal parathyroidectomy normalizes calcium levels in at least 95% of patients with multiple gland disease.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

  • Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring aids surgical decision-making and autograft needs.
  • Postoperative hypocalcemia is common, with 10-15% developing permanent hypoparathyroidism.

    • Conclusions:

    • Subtotal parathyroidectomy is a highly effective surgical option for sporadic and familial multiple gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism.
    • Long-term surveillance is recommended for recurrent disease, with completion parathyroidectomy and autotransplant as options for persistent cases.